Understanding Cushing’s Disease in Dogs
Understanding Cushing's Disease in Dogs
Cushing’s Disease in Dogs: Understanding and Treating this Common Condition
Like humans, older dogs are susceptible to various health issues. One common condition that affects middle-aged and older dogs is Cushing’s disease. This condition occurs when the body produces an excessive amount of a hormone called cortisol. While cortisol is a natural steroid that helps the body adapt to stress, fight infections, and maintain weight, an excess of it can weaken the immune system.
The majority, about 80-85%, of Cushing’s disease is triggered by a tumor on the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain. This tumor causes overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce more cortisol than the body needs. However, Cushing’s disease can also be caused by tumors in one or both adrenal glands.
To diagnose Cushing’s disease in dogs, veterinarians will conduct blood tests to determine the hormone levels and the type of Cushing’s disease. Additionally, an ultrasound may be used to locate any tumors on the adrenal glands. Some common signs of Cushing’s disease in dogs include increased thirst, appetite, and urination, reduced activity, excessive panting, thin or fragile skin, hair loss, recurrent skin infections, and an enlarged abdomen that gives a “pot-bellied” appearance.
If Cushing’s disease is caused by an adrenal tumor, the only cure is surgical removal. However, in cases where surgery is not possible, medications can help manage the condition. Vetoryl (trilostane) is one such medication, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to treat both pituitary- and adrenal-dependent Cushing’s disease in dogs. This medication works by inhibiting the production of cortisol in the adrenal glands.
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Although Vetoryl is an effective treatment for many dogs, it is not suitable for those with kidney or liver disease, those taking specific heart medications, or pregnant dogs. Some potential side effects of Vetoryl include poor appetite, vomiting, lack of energy, diarrhea, and weakness. More serious side effects, such as bloody diarrhea, collapse, severe sodium/potassium imbalance, and destruction of the adrenal gland, can occur, and in some cases, may result in death.
Another FDA-approved medication for treating certain cases of Cushing’s disease caused by a pituitary tumor is Anipryl (selegiline). Additionally, some veterinarians may use an “off-label” chemotherapy drug called Lysodren (mitotane), which is approved for human use, as an alternative treatment option.
Managing Cushing’s disease in dogs requires ongoing monitoring and collaboration between veterinarians and dog owners. Regular blood tests, check-ups, and close observation for side effects are crucial in determining the right medication dosage and making necessary adjustments. It is also important for dog owners to notify their veterinarian immediately if their dog experiences any concerning side effects.
While Cushing’s disease in dogs requires careful management, dogs with this condition can lead a good quality of life if closely monitored by a veterinarian. Maintaining regular veterinary visits, conducting necessary blood work, and adhering to medication instructions are essential in ensuring the well-being of dogs with Cushing’s disease.
For more information on Cushing’s disease in dogs, visit the American Kennel Club website.
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