Study of Suicide Genetics Provides Risk Clues

Study of Suicide Genetics Provides Risk Clues

New research has discovered 12 gene variants that may be tied to an increased risk of attempting suicide. But don’t worry, this doesn’t mean we are all genetically doomed to jump off a bridge. The study, published in October in the American Journal of Psychiatry, sheds new light on the complex biological factors behind suicidal tendencies, while also providing insights into a range of physical and mental health conditions.

The researchers from the Huntsman Mental Health Institute at the University of Utah delved into the genetic data of 22 different populations, including individuals from diverse ethnic backgrounds. They found that rather than one single gene influencing risk, it’s the cumulative effect of different genes that plays a role in suicidal tendencies.

“In psychiatry, we have many tiny genetic effects, but when we account for all of them together, we start to see a real genetic risk signal,” explains study corresponding author Anna Docherty.

To assess the risk factors, the team analyzed data from the Million Veteran Program and the International Suicide Genetics Consortium. This involved studying nearly 44,000 documented suicide attempts and over 915,000 individuals who served as the control group. By comparing these genetic variants associated with suicide attempts to existing data on more than 1,000 other health factors, the researchers discovered significant overlap with mental health conditions, as well as various physical health conditions such as heart disease and smoking-related illnesses.

However, it is important to note that having one of these health conditions doesn’t automatically mean an increased risk of attempting suicide. The study’s co-author, Hilary Coon, clarifies that while genetic predisposition plays a role, other stressors may also contribute to the risk.

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Some of the gene variants identified in the study are involved in processes such as managing cellular stress, repairing DNA damage, and communicating with the immune system. Interestingly, these processes are highly expressed in the brain and are targeted by antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs.

While the study only shows an association and not causation, it provides valuable insights into potential drug targets for assessing and treating suicidal tendencies.

“We want to start exploring the biological underpinnings that are common across suicide and these health factors because that will lead to the most convincing drug targets,” Docherty emphasizes.

This research offers hope for a better understanding of the complex interplay between genetics, mental health, and physical well-being. By uncovering these genetic risk factors, scientists are now closer than ever to developing new strategies and interventions to prevent suicide and provide better mental health care to those who need it.

It is essential to remember that suicide is a complex issue with multifaceted causes. If you or someone you know is struggling with thoughts of suicide, it’s important to reach out to a mental health professional or contact a helpline immediately. Remember, help is available and you are not alone in this battle.

For more information on suicide and suicide prevention, please visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Source: University of Utah Health