Scientists discover link between male-pattern hair loss and 5 genetic variants.
Scientists discover link between male-pattern hair loss and 5 genetic variants.
The Genetics of Male Pattern Baldness: Unveiling the Hidden Genes
Scientists have identified new genes that may lead to male pattern baldness. Bisual Studio/Stocksy
Male pattern baldness, also known as androgenic alopecia, affects around 80% of European men, as well as some women. While genetics plays a significant role in this condition, the specific genes involved have been a subject of ongoing research. A recent study has shed light on this matter, identifying three previously unknown genes associated with male pattern baldness and confirming the involvement of two genes that were already suspected to be linked to the condition.
Hair loss can have a significant impact on a person’s sense of self, with feelings of depression and reduced self-confidence often accompanying the loss of hair. As a result, the hair restoration market has seen substantial growth, with an estimated 2,221,191 hair restoration treatments occurring in 2021, and the global hair transplant market projected to reach $53.17 billion by 2028.
Early studies suggested that approximately 80% of male pattern baldness can be attributed to genetic factors. Later research identified 600 genetic risk variants within the genome, shedding light on the genetic basis of the condition. However, the impact of rare genetic variants remained difficult to quantify accurately.
In 2019, the UK Biobank released a large dataset that allowed researchers to perform an exome-based association study using data from 72,469 men. An exome refers to the protein-coding portion of a genome. This study confirmed the involvement of variants in the genes EDA2R and WNT10A, which were previously implicated in male pattern baldness. Additionally, it identified three new genes: HEPH, CEPT1, and EIF3F.
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It is important to note that these studies establish associations between genetic variants and male pattern baldness, but they cannot definitively establish causality. Nonetheless, the identification of these genes and the biological signaling pathways they are part of provides valuable insights into the underlying biology of male pattern baldness, which can lead to improved predictions and therapies.
The study focused on rare genetic variants, occurring in less than 1% of the population. While these variants have a minimal impact on the majority of people, they can significantly influence those affected by male pattern baldness. Clinical experience indicates that approximately 95% of male pattern baldness cases have a genetic basis, with other factors accounting for the remaining 5%.
The genes WNT10A and EDA2R are known regulators of the hair growth cycle, which is disrupted in male pattern baldness. The functions of the newly discovered genes HEPH, CEPT1, and EIF3F are still not fully understood. However, previous investigations suggest that they may influence hair growth through iron and phospholipid metabolism, as well as depigmentation processes.
When it comes to treating hair loss, early detection is crucial for successful intervention. Drugs like finasteride (Propecia) and minoxidil (Rogaine) can be used to treat hair loss. Hair transplantation surgery, laser light therapy, and regenerative procedures such as platelet-rich plasma infusions are also available options.
In conclusion, the recent study on the genetics of male pattern baldness has provided valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of the condition. By identifying new genes and understanding their role in hair growth and regulation, researchers are paving the way for more accurate predictions, improved therapies, and enhanced self-confidence for individuals affected by male pattern baldness.
“Identifying these genes and the biological signaling pathways they are part of provides insights into the underlying biology, adding to the existing body of knowledge on [male pattern baldness]. This knowledge can be useful in improving prediction and therapy.” – Sabrina Henne, first author
