Passion, exercise, and relationships benefit brain health
Passion, exercise, and relationships benefit brain health
The Key Factors for Maintaining a Healthy Brain
In a recent paper, researchers reviewed studies linking three key lifestyle factors to brain health. They found reasonable evidence that all three factors offer protection against cognitive decline. Their review noted that randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm their findings.
As we age, changes in cognitive function become more apparent. These changes are closely related to the brain’s white and gray matter volume. Gray matter consists of biological structures such as neuronal cell bodies, synapses, and capillaries, while white matter comprises myelinated axons, which carry signals between neurons. Gray matter volume starts to decline around the age of 10, and research suggests that medically and cognitively healthier individuals experience less brain atrophy than their less healthy counterparts.
Fortunately, studies show that regular exercise, strong relationships, and passion play crucial roles in maintaining a healthy brain as we age. In a recent paper, researchers thoroughly reviewed available literature on the link between brain physiology development and physical activity, social relationships, and passion. They concluded that increased passion for an area or skill leads to more physical activity, more social relationships, and better overall well-being.
“[From our research], we have found that passion – or strong interest – may be a key motivational factor for achievement and well-being as it sets the direction of the arrow,” explained Hermundur Sigmundsson, Ph.D., professor of psychology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. “Therefore, we say: Find your passion and develop it! Grit, or perseverance, is the size and strength of the arrow. Find your interest area and focus on the process. [Be ready to] take challenges! Challenges are key for development!” added Sigmundsson.
Physical activity is an essential factor in maintaining brain health. Observational studies indicate that an active lifestyle is helpful across all age groups, especially in higher order cognitive processes such as task-switching, working memory, and cognitive inhibition. Intervention studies have confirmed these findings. For instance, older adults who underwent one hour of aerobic training three times per week for six months experienced increased gray and white matter volume compared to those in the control group. Physical activity also enhances functionality in brain areas related to attention, attention control, daily life activities, and cognitive reserve, which acts as a buffer against age-related cognitive decline.
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Maintaining social relationships also contributes to brain health. Studies suggest that social ties enhance cognitive reserve, leading to cognitive strategies, greater neural growth, and synaptic density that protect against pathological processes. Imaging studies have shown a correlation between larger social networks and increased volume in brain areas involved in decision-making and emotional processing. In contrast, less socially active individuals tend to exhibit more white matter lesions. Interventions involving increased social interaction have shown associations with better cognitive function and larger brain volume. However, the researchers emphasize the need for more robust evidence from randomized controlled trials to establish a causative relationship between social relations and cognitive function in later life.
Passion, defined as a strong feeling toward a personally important value or preference that motivates intentions and behaviors, also plays a significant role in maintaining brain health. Research indicates that passion is related to more deliberate practice, better well-being, and performance. Passion may be vital for maintaining neural plasticity, with repetition, intensity, and deliberate practice contributing to strengthened gray matter, neural cells, and connections. Additionally, psychological traits like grit and a growth mindset have been linked to the development of gray matter in different parts of the brain.
The underlying mechanisms by which physical activity, socializing, and passion improve brain health have been extensively studied in relation to physical activity. Animal models provide insights into the brain changes associated with physical activity, such as the growth of new neurons, increased connections among neurons (synapses), increases in vascular structure, and changes in neurotransmitters and nerve growth factors.
The researchers conclude that physical exercise, social interactions, and passion are key factors for maintaining brain health. However, they acknowledge the need for intervention studies focusing on increasing passion, physical activity, and social engagement to further validate their findings. Personalizing these factors to maximize their benefits across the lifespan and for both non-patients and patients remains an area for future investigation.
In conclusion, nurturing our brains through regular exercise, fostering strong relationships, and pursuing our passions is a recipe for maintaining optimal brain health as we age. So, let’s find our passion, lace up our sneakers, and connect with others as we embark on this journey of preserving and enhancing our cognitive well-being.