Medical Myths IBD Explained
Medical Myths IBD Explained
Debunking Myths about Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition that affects the gastrointestinal system, causing symptoms such as abdominal cramps, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. It is estimated that in 2015, around 3 million people in the United States had IBD, and globally, the disease affected approximately 6.8 million people in 2017 [^1^].
IBD encompasses two main types: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, both characterized by chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. Despite its relatively high prevalence, there is still a great deal of misinformation and misunderstanding surrounding IBD. To shed light on this condition, we spoke with Dr. Abhik Bhattacharya, an assistant professor of medicine specializing in gastroenterology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY.
1. IBD is not the same as IBS
One common misconception is that IBD and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are interchangeable terms. However, they are distinct conditions. According to Dr. Bhattacharya, “IBS is a disorder of the interaction between the gut and brain, leading to diarrhea, constipation, or both, along with bloating and pain. It can be worsened or precipitated by stress and anxiety.” In contrast, IBD is a disease of a dysregulated immune system, in which the immune system attacks the gastrointestinal system, resulting in damage. Symptoms of IBD can include bleeding in stools, severe belly pain, unintentional weight loss, fevers, and fatigue [^2^].
2. Stress is not the direct cause of IBD
Although stress can exacerbate IBD symptoms and trigger flares in some individuals, it is not the direct cause of the disease. As Dr. Bhattacharya explains, stress can make life very stressful for those with IBD but does not cause the condition itself [^3^].
3. Personality traits are not linked to IBD
Some old studies have explored the potential links between personality traits and IBD. However, Dr. Bhattacharya states that there is no known association between a person’s character and the development of IBD.
4. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are distinct conditions
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the two primary forms of IBD. Although they share similarities, they are distinct conditions. Dr. Bhattacharya clarifies that an individual can have either Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis but not both. In rare cases, it may be challenging to determine which form a patient has, but the disease generally reveals itself over time [^4^].
5. Effective treatments are available for IBD
Contrary to a prevalent misconception, there are numerous treatments available that can effectively manage IBD. Dr. Bhattacharya highlights various interventions, including biologic medications such as Remicade (infliximab), Humira (adalimumab), and small molecules like Zeposia (ozanimod) and Xeljanz (tofacitinib). These medications are potent immunosuppressants that can effectively control inflammation in the gastrointestinal system, and ongoing clinical trials continue to explore new treatment options [^5^].
6. Not everyone with IBD requires surgery
While surgery used to be a common treatment option for IBD in the past, the availability of increasingly effective and safe immunosuppressant medications has significantly reduced the need for surgical interventions. Dr. Bhattacharya emphasizes that the goal of treatment is to prevent complications caused by bowel damage, and early treatment with potent medications can help achieve this goal. According to Crohn’s & Colitis UK, about 15% of people with ulcerative colitis will require surgery within 10 years of diagnosis [^6^].
7. IBD medications can be taken during pregnancy
Contrary to popular belief, most IBD medications are safe to use during pregnancy. Dr. Bhattacharya explains that the primary aim is to keep pregnant individuals with IBD in remission because an active disease can have detrimental effects on both the mother and the baby [^7^].
8. Medication should not be stopped when symptoms subside
When medications for IBD successfully alleviate symptoms and induce remission, it may be tempting to discontinue treatment. However, this is not recommended. Dr. Bhattacharya advises against stopping medications as it can have adverse consequences, such as symptom relapse or reduced responsiveness to subsequent treatments. Therefore, it is crucial to continue treatment as prescribed to maintain long-term remission [^8^].
9. A gluten-free diet does not cure IBD
While a gluten-free diet is beneficial for individuals with celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity, it does not have the same effect on people with IBD. Dr. Bhattacharya clarifies that IBD is a distinct condition that requires specific medical management and not dietary interventions [^9^].
10. IBD affects more than just the gut
Despite its name, IBD can have ramifications beyond the gastrointestinal system. Extraintestinal manifestations of IBD can affect various organs and systems, including the skin, eyes, joints, musculoskeletal system, kidneys, lungs, and hepatopancreatobiliary system. This broad range of potential complications poses a significant challenge to physicians managing IBD patients [^10^].
11. There is no cure for IBD, but research is ongoing
At present, there is no cure for IBD. However, researchers are making continuous efforts to better understand the disease, develop improved treatments, and ultimately find a cure. Progress in this field offers hope for better outcomes and quality of life for individuals with IBD [^11^].
12. A normal life is possible with IBD
Contrary to the notion that IBD prevents individuals from leading a normal life, Dr. Bhattacharya assures that with proper medical management, and sometimes surgeries, people with IBD can live completely normal lives. Countless successful individuals, including lawyers, doctors, athletes, actors, comedians, and even Presidents like Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy, have lived fulfilling lives while managing IBD [^12^].
In conclusion, debunking myths and misconceptions surrounding IBD is crucial for promoting understanding, helping individuals with IBD receive proper care, and reducing stigma associated with the disease. With ongoing research and advancements in medical treatments, the outlook for individuals with IBD continues to improve.
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