Keto diet can improve fertility issues caused by PCOS, study finds.
Keto diet can improve fertility issues caused by PCOS, study finds.
Exploring the Potential Benefits of the Keto Diet for Women with PCOS
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Between 8–13% of reproductive-aged women worldwide have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This chronic condition, characterized by hormonal imbalances, can lead to infertility and other health risks. While there is no cure for PCOS, treatment options focus on symptom alleviation and risk reduction. One recent study, published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society, has shed light on the potential benefits of the ketogenic diet for women with PCOS in terms of fertility, weight loss, and lower testosterone levels.
Understanding PCOS and Its Impact on Fertility
PCOS occurs when the ovaries over-secrete testosterone and other male sex hormones, known as androgens. Insufficient production of the hormones required for ovulation can result in irregular periods and infertility. Approximately 70–80% of women with PCOS experience fertility issues. Furthermore, the presence of small cysts on the ovaries adds to the hormonal imbalance. PCOS symptoms can also include oily skin, excess body hair, weight gain, thinning hair, and low libido, among others.
The Effects of the Keto Diet on Reproductive Hormones
Previous clinical studies have explored the impact of the keto diet on PCOS, but none have systematically examined its influence on reproductive hormone levels. The recent study by researchers in Malaysia sought to address this gap by analyzing data from seven clinical trials. The results showed that women with PCOS who followed the keto diet for at least 45 days experienced significant weight loss, improved reproductive hormone levels, and reduced testosterone levels.
Dr. Karniza Khalid, the lead author of the study, explains the rationale behind these findings. PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism and reduced insulin sensitivity, both of which are key features of the condition. By inducing physiological ketosis through the keto diet, insulin and IGF-1 levels are reduced, thereby suppressing adrenal and ovarian androgen production. This ultimately limits the presence of circulating free androgen in the blood.
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Unveiling the Link Between PCOS and Insulin Resistance
While the precise cause of PCOS remains unknown, previous research has identified risk factors such as insulin resistance, obesity, and genetics. Insulin resistance, which affects 35–80% of women with PCOS, hinders the body’s proper use of insulin, leading to elevated glucose levels and increased inflammation. Insulin resistance can also elevate testosterone levels, disrupting regular ovulation. Weight gain is another consequence of high insulin levels, potentially exacerbating fertility issues. Additionally, women with PCOS and insulin resistance face a higher risk of developing diabetes.
The Keto Diet: A Promising Approach for PCOS
Dr. G. Thomas Ruiz, an OB-GYN lead at MemorialCare Orange Coast Medical Center, highlights the significance of insulin resistance in PCOS and its implications for dietary interventions. He has been advising patients with PCOS to adopt low-carb diets for years, with a preference for the Mediterranean diet. However, any low-carb diet that minimizes insulin secretion can potentially benefit women with PCOS. The keto diet, in particular, with its focus on high fat and protein intake while restricting carbohydrates, can deplete the body’s sugar reserves, leading to the breakdown of body fat for energy. Previous studies have also considered the keto diet as a valuable non-pharmacological treatment for PCOS, emphasizing its positive effects on insulin resistance, testosterone levels, and weight loss.
It is important to note that the keto diet may not be suitable for everyone, especially pregnant individuals, those with specific health conditions like hypothyroidism, or individuals with eating disorders. Factors such as age, baseline BMI, gender, overall health, kidney and liver function, and gut health should be taken into consideration when planning to adopt the keto diet for PCOS management. Consulting with a gynecologist, endocrinologist, and dietitian is recommended for individuals with PCOS who are considering dietary changes.
Conclusion
While PCOS remains a challenging condition to manage, especially in terms of infertility and hormonal imbalances, the keto diet has shown promise as a potential treatment option. The recent study demonstrated significant improvements in fertility, weight loss, and testosterone levels among women with PCOS who followed the keto diet. However, each individual’s response to the diet may vary, and it is crucial to consult with healthcare professionals before implementing any dietary changes. The keto diet represents an avenue worth exploring for women with PCOS seeking to alleviate their symptoms and improve their overall well-being.
