FDA advisors to evaluate future of ‘Artificial Wombs’ for human preemies.
FDA advisors to evaluate future of 'Artificial Wombs' for human preemies.
Understanding Artificial Wombs: A Breakthrough for Premature Babies
Have you ever heard of an artificial womb? Researchers have made significant progress in experimenting with this groundbreaking concept for premature babies. Now, advisors to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration are exploring the possibilities and regulations surrounding its usage in human beings. This article will delve into the exciting world of artificial wombs, shedding light on the potential benefits and ethical considerations associated with this medical innovation.
The Quest for Artificial Wombs and their Benefits
Premature births, occurring before 28 weeks’ gestation, pose numerous challenges to the survival and development of babies. According to recent research, only about 30% of infants born at 22 weeks and 56% born at 23 weeks survive. Furthermore, those who do survive may face lifelong health issues such as developmental delays, cerebral palsy, breathing difficulties, vision and hearing problems, and gastrointestinal (GI) complications. These preterm babies often require extensive care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), where they are at risk of infections.
Recognizing these challenges, scientists are exploring the concept of artificial wombs. An artificial womb aims to provide premature infants with vital oxygen, nutrients, and hormones while allowing them to continue developing their lungs, GI system, and brain – crucial organs that typically mature during late pregnancy. By replicating the conditions of the womb, artificial wombs could potentially improve the survival rates and long-term health outcomes of these vulnerable newborns.
Successes in Animal Experiments: A Glimpse into the Future
While the concept of artificial wombs may seem like science fiction, researchers have already achieved promising results in animals. For instance, scientists at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia experimented with an artificial womb called the Extra-uterine Environment for Newborn Development (EXTEND). In 2017, they successfully kept a developing lamb alive for 28 days in a sterilized bag filled with fluid. The lamb received amniotic fluid, medicine, and oxygen through tubes connected to its umbilical cord tissue, ultimately demonstrating positive growth in lung, GI tract, and brain development.
Similar animal trials have taken place in various countries, including Japan, Australia, and Canada. Scientists in Michigan tested an artificial placenta, allowing a lamb to survive for 16 days with positive developmental outcomes before transitioning to mechanical ventilation. In Toronto, researchers used an artificial placenta with fetal pigs, which possess a similar umbilical cord structure to humans. However, the trial encountered challenges related to blood circulation and heart function.
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Unraveling Challenges and Exploring Opportunities
As the potential for human trials looms, ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks come to the forefront. The two-day meeting of the Pediatric Advisory Committee, a body of experts advising the U.S. FDA, will deliberate on the necessary data requirements for successful trials, the meaning of viability, and the additional safeguards essential in such experiments involving infants. Moreover, the committee will assess the comparative advancement of artificial wombs vis-a-vis standard NICU care.
It is crucial to note that artificial wombs would not be used from conception to birth. Their purpose lies in providing critical support to babies born prematurely, a fraction constituting less than 1% of all infants. These artificial wombs hold immense potential to transform the outlook for these fragile lives and alleviate the burden on parents and medical professionals.
Embracing a Future of Possibilities for Preterm Babies
While it is still early days, the pursuit of artificial wombs brings us closer to a future where premature babies have greater chances of survival and healthier outcomes. As researchers advance in their quest to refine this technology, it is vital to address the associated ethical concerns and regulatory challenges. By striking the right balance, we can unleash the full potential of artificial wombs, empowering medical professionals to provide optimal care to premature infants and offering hope to families facing the uncertainties of preterm birth.
More information:
The World Health Organization has further resources on preterm births.
SOURCES: – CNN