Canadian wildfire smoke causes spikes in asthma-related ER visits in US

Canadian wildfire smoke causes spikes in asthma-related ER visits in US

The Impact of Canadian Wildfires on Asthma Patients in the United States

Smoke from Canadian wildfires has led to a significant increase in emergency room visits for asthma in the United States, according to two new reports. The data, compiled by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), reveals that from April 30 to August 4, 2023, there was a 17% rise in ER visits for asthma patients due to smoke exposure from the out-of-control wildfires in Canada. The effects were particularly pronounced in East Coast states, including New York down to Virginia, as well as in several Midwest states. These findings highlight the urgent need to reduce smoke exposure during wildfires and emphasize the crucial role of effective emergency response planning.

During the first two weeks of June, when Canadian wildfire smoke swept across New York State, there was a notable increase in ER visits related to asthma. On June 7, the levels of PM2.5, tiny airborne particles known to be hazardous for respiratory and cardiovascular health, reached record highs. Western New York experienced a six-fold increase in PM2.5 levels compared to the average, while New York City saw a staggering 13-fold increase. PM2.5 particles are a product of combustion and are especially dangerous for individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions, as they can penetrate deep into the respiratory system and even enter the bloodstream.

Wildfire smoke consists of a mixture of air pollutants, small particles, and hazardous gases. The composition varies depending on the materials being burned, which can include vegetation, buildings, and various other substances found at the fire site. This complexity underscores the importance of monitoring air quality, especially for individuals with asthma. CDC epidemiologist Cristin McArdle advises asthma patients to pay close attention to the air quality in their communities, limit outdoor activities during poor air quality days, and ensure indoor environments are as free of wildfire smoke as possible. Additionally, having a supply of necessary medications on hand is crucial for timely symptom management.

Dr. Albert Rizzo, Chief Medical Officer of the American Lung Association, warns that the threat posed by wildfires to public health will only intensify in the future due to climate change. He explains that individuals with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) already have underlying inflammation, which is exacerbated by exposure to PM2.5 particles and other pollutants. This increase in inflammation leads to tightening of the airways, resulting in symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing.

To mitigate the risks associated with wildfire smoke, Dr. Rizzo recommends several measures. Firstly, individuals should regularly check air quality reports to plan their activities accordingly. If the air quality is poor, it may be wise to avoid outdoor activities or use HEPA filters and recirculating air conditioning systems indoors. On days with particularly bad air quality, wearing an N95 mask can provide additional protection.

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It is important to note that the two CDC studies only consider emergency room visits, suggesting that there may be many more individuals experiencing asthma flare-ups during periods of poor air quality who did not seek immediate medical attention. Dr. Jacqueline Moline, an expert in occupational medicine and epidemiology, believes that wildfires will continue to increase in frequency and geographic spread due to climate change, leading to more people experiencing asthma-related complications.

The findings of these studies highlight the urgent need for proactive measures to mitigate the health impact of wildfires, particularly for individuals with asthma. It is crucial to raise awareness about the risks of wildfire smoke and provide education on effective strategies for minimizing exposure and managing symptoms. By implementing preventive measures and developing robust emergency response plans, communities can better protect the health and well-being of their residents.

Sources:

• Cristin McArdle, PhD, Epidemiologist, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Dr. Albert Rizzo, Chief Medical Officer, American Lung Association
• Dr. Jacqueline Moline, Senior VP, Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY
• Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Aug. 25, 2023

For more information:

For additional guidance on protecting yourself from wildfire smoke, visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.